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Types of colitis

Doctors often classify ulcerative colitis according to its location. Types of colitis include:

1- Ulcerative proctitis

Inflammation is limited to the area near the anus, and rectal bleeding may be the only symptom.

2- Proctosigmoiditis

Proctosigmoiditis affects the lower end of the colon, and its symptoms include the following:

• Bloody diarrhea.
• Abdominal cramps and pain.
• Bowel movement disorder.

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3- Colitis on the left side

This inflammation extends from the rectum upward through the transverse colon and descending colon, and its symptoms are:

• Diarrhea accompanied by blood (diarrhea).
• Cramping and pain in the left side of the abdomen.

4- Pancolitis

This type affects the entire colon, causing bouts of bloody diarrhea with cramps, weakness, and weight loss.

Causes of colitis

The exact cause of colitis is still unknown; where:

• Diet and stress were previously suspected as triggers for colitis.
• But science has proven that these factors may increase colitis, but they are not the direct cause of it.
• One possible cause of colitis is a defect in the immune system.
• When the immune system tries to fight off an invading virus or bacteria; Then:
  • A disturbed immune response causes the immune system to attack cells in the digestive system as well.
• Genetics also appears to play a role in colitis.
  • However; Most people with colitis do not have this family history.

Colitis risk factors

Colitis affects women and men at approximately the same rate, and its risk factors may include:

• Colitis usually begins before age 30, but it can occur at any age.
  • Some people may not develop it until they are sixty years old.
• Family history; An individual is considered to be at greater risk of infection if one of his or her parents is infected with it.

Complications of colitis

Possible complications of colitis include:

• Severe bleeding.
• Perforation of the colon.
• Severe dehydration.
• Osteoporosis.
• Inflammation of the skin, eyes, and joints.
• Increased risk of colon cancer.
• Colon distension.
• Increased risk of venous blood clots or arterial clots.

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When should you see a doctor for colitis?

Many colon problems are not dangerous, but you should see a specialist doctor if these symptoms appear:

• Abdominal pain.
• Blood in stool.
• Persistent diarrhea that is not stopped by regular diarrhea medications.
• Fever for no reason that lasts for a day or more.
• Colitis is usually not fatal, but it is a serious disease.
  • Colitis can sometimes cause life-threatening complications.

Types of antibiotics to treat colon

The involvement of bacteria in colitis is a logical reason for the use of antibiotics in treatment; where:

• Many studies have shown that antibiotics eliminate bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine.
  • This reduces the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome.
• These results were also the basis for a series of studies that examined the effectiveness of antibiotics in treating colon.
• Many absorbable antibiotics have been successful in reducing bacterial overgrowth.
  • These antibiotics include Augmentin, tetracycline, Flagyl, and others.
• Absorbable antibiotics are also not without some nasty side effects.
• This has led to the trend of using non-absorbable (topical) antibiotics.
  • These antibiotics act on the intestinal lumen.
  • It is considered effective in treating colon infections.
  • Does not cause systemic side effects.
  • Its mechanism of action is based on selective eradication of intestinal bacteria causing inflammation.
  • Rifaximin has proven highly effective with fewer, although serious, side effects.
• Below we review the most important non-absorbable antibiotics used to treat colitis:

1- Neomycin

• Studies have shown that treatment with neomycin causes improvement in colitis patients by 50%.
• However, the use of neomycin to treat colon poses several challenges, including:
  • Neomycin may cause breathing problems in them.
  • Some patients treated with neomycin subsequently did not respond to treatment.
• Although antibiotics such as neomycin are effective for treating colon, their use for treatment is limited.
  • This is due to reasons including clinical resistance.

2- Rifaximin

Rifaximin is a synthetic antibacterial derivative that is not absorbable. where:

• Rifaximin has activity against a variety of intestinal bacteria, including positive and negative bacteria.
• Rifaximin has also shown effectiveness against infections that cause some diseases, such as diarrhea.
• Rifaximin is considered safe in the colon treatment of patients with end-stage liver disease.
• Rifaximin has also shown great benefit in stopping bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine.
• In addition to the many benefits of rifaximin in treating colitis, it has not been proven to have significant negative effects.
• Recently, there has been particular interest in the effect of rifaximin retreatment of the colon, in terms of recurrent response:
  • Clinical trials have been conducted in this regard to determine sound results.
  • Indeed, it was found that patients whose conditions required retreatment with rifaximin always responded.
  • It has been proven that the success of first-time treatment with rifaximin means that repeat treatment with it is 80% successful.
  • The average time required for treatment with rifaximin did not change the second time compared to the first.
• Also, rifaximin for colitis patients has not shown any clinical resistance over 6 consecutive treatment cycles.

Warnings for treating colon with antibiotics

It is worth noting that you should avoid taking antibiotics to treat colitis unless necessary. where:

• Some colon problems may result from viral rather than bacterial infections.
  • It is known that viruses cannot be treated with antibiotics, but it may even make matters worse.
• Also, excessive treatment with antibiotics without consulting a doctor may cause the body to lose its response to treatment.
• Also, not taking antibiotic appointments regularly, or not adhering to the doses, will lead to adverse results.
• We should also not ignore any side effects that appear when antibiotics are used in treatment.
  • In this case, you must stop taking the treatment until you see a doctor.
  • The doctor may replace this drug with another that has the same effect.
  • It is worth noting that the bodies’ responses to active antibiotic substances are not equal.
  • This means that what causes side effects to you does not necessarily cause them to others when you take it.

Tips for treating colon with antibiotics

An important point in dealing with antibiotics is the necessity of adhering to the duration of treatment specified by the doctor:

• A prolonged period of treatment without medical justification may have serious consequences for some body systems.
  • Some antibodies are secreted by the liver, and some by the kidneys.
  • This means that prolonged use may harm these devices and their functions.
  • This is in addition to the bad effect of antibiotics on the stomach with prolonged use.
• Before starting antibiotic treatment, you must also review the internal treatment leaflet. where:
  • Drug interactions can be confirmed; where:
    • If the patient is taking medications to treat other diseases, their components may interact with the antibiotic.
    • Some of these interactions may be harmful to the body, and some may block the effects of others.
• Reviewing the leaflet is also useful in identifying possible side effects of treatment to be monitored.
• The leaflet will also indicate the importance of conducting an antibiotic test before taking it or not.
• In addition to the method of taking antibiotics by leaflet, some of them are taken orally, and some by injection.
  • There are also types of antibiotics that are dissolved in water before taking them, and some of them are syrups.
• It is worth noting that correct diagnosis of the disease problem is the way to determine the appropriate antibiotic.
  • It is also what contributes to accurately determining the appropriate duration of treatment, as well as its doses.

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Thus, we have presented the types of antibiotics to treat colitis, their effects, and harms through the mqall.org website.